Deficiencies in research design have held back progress in identifying HIV prevention interventions, say Stephen W. Lagakos and Alicia R. Gable in the New England Journal of Medicine.
这些缺点包括临床前研究和取样规模不足，试验地点准备不佳以及缺乏社区的参与。
Shortcomings have included inadequate pre-trial research and sample size, poor site preparation and lack of community engagement.
作者们说，科学界应该增加在开发安全、易用的生物医学干涉措施方面的投资，因为在成功研发出有效的疫苗之前的未来15—20年中，可能会出现2000万到6000万例新发艾滋病感染病例。
The authors say the research community should increase investment in the development of safe, easy-to-use biomedical interventions because, in the 15–20 years it may take to achieve an efficacious vaccine, 20–60 million new HIV infections could occur.
应该改善临床前研究和早期临床测试及优化适用于晚期测试的产品，从而最大化地利用研究资源，减少对不安全或者无效产品的进一步测试。他们认为，也应该优先采用更好的方法，来评估和改善坚持参与临床试验的程度和冒险行为。
Preclinical and early-stage clinical testing, and prioritisation of products for later-stage testing should be improved to maximise use of research resources, and reduce further testing of unsafe or ineffective products.
Better methods for assessing and improving adherence to intervention trials and risk-taking behaviour should also be prioritised.
由于在许多地区，年轻妇女更多地受到了这种传染病的威胁，Lagakos和Gable敦促说，研究资助者和科学家要采取措施来评估在孕妇使用的防范性产品的安全性和效果。
Because young women are disproportionately affected by the epidemic in many regions, Lagakos and Gable urge sponsors and researchers to take steps to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preventive products in pregnant women.
他们还说，研究资助者应该重新考虑对从事艾滋病临床研究的科学家的常规财务和时间约束。
They also say sponsors should reconsider the usual financial and time constraints placed on investigators conducting HIV-prevention trials.
